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Key signature · 2♯

D major key signature and B minor

D major and its relative minor, B minor, share a key signature of two sharps: F♯ and C♯.

  • Sharps2
  • WhichF♯ C♯
  • Relative minorB minor
  • Home chordD–F♯–A
D major / B minor: F♯ C♯

The key signature

The sharps come right after the clef, on every line of music. In the treble clef: F♯ on the top line and C♯ on the third space. In the bass clef the same sharps appear, in the same order, on the bass staff’s F and C.

Each one changes that letter everywhere in the piece, in every octave and on both staves: in D major, every F and C is sharp, though no sign is written beside the note.

How to recognise it quickly

Look at the last sharp, the one furthest right: C♯. The major key is a half step above it: D major. For the minor key, go down three half steps from there: B minor.

Sharps always come in the same order, so two sharps are always F♯ and C♯:

  1. F♯
  2. C♯
  3. G♯
  4. D♯
  5. A♯
  6. E♯
  7. B♯

Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle: the order of sharps, and backwards, the order of flats.

The D major scale

D – E – F♯ – G – A – B – C♯ – D. On the piano that’s two black keys (F♯ and C♯) and five white (D, E, G, A and B). Its home chord is D–F♯–A.

D major scale
D major chord

B minor, the relative minor

B minor uses the same two sharps, starting from B, the sixth note of D major: B – C♯ – D – E – F♯ – G – A – B. That’s the natural minor scale. Its home chord is B–D–F♯.

Pieces in B minor usually raise the seventh note, A, to A♯ (the harmonic minor), so it leads up to B. That A♯ is written as an accidental, not in the key signature: the sharp beside the note is often the quickest clue that a piece is in B minor rather than D major. Pieces also often begin or end on B or its chord.

B minor natural minor scale
B minor chord

Music in D major and B minor

Pachelbel’s Canon is in D major.

Chopin’s Prelude Op. 28 No. 6, with the melody in the left hand, is in B minor.

On the circle of fifths

One sharp more is A major, a fifth higher; one sharp fewer is G major, a fifth lower. Keys next to each other on the circle of fifths share all but one note, which is why music in D major moves to them most easily.

D minor, with the same home note but a minor scale, has a different key signature: one flat, the same as F major.

Quiz: name the key signature

Ten key signatures in the treble or bass clef, from all fifteen. Choose the key, or play its home note on the piano below, a MIDI keyboard or your computer keys (any octave).

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Questions

How many sharps are in D major?

Two sharps: F♯ and C♯. Every F and C in the piece is played sharp, in every octave, unless an accidental says otherwise.

What is the relative minor of D major?

B minor. It shares the key signature (two sharps (F♯ and C♯)) and starts on the sixth note of the D major scale, three half steps below D.

What are the notes of the D major scale?

D, E, F♯, G, A, B, C♯, D.

Which key has two sharps?

D major and its relative minor, B minor.

How do you recognise the D major key signature quickly?

Look at the last sharp, the one furthest right: C♯. The major key is a half step above it: D major. For the minor key, go down three half steps from there: B minor.

Keys, one at a time

Pianomi, a free sight-reading app for piano, brings in key signatures one at a time and notices when you play a note as if the key signature weren’t there.

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